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=== XOR Parity === ...XOR'ed product of the remaining disks with the parity so: (0x98 XOR 0x15) XOR 0xCE = 0x43.

OpenBSD has designed buffer overflow protection called W xor X (W^X) meaning that an area in the stack can either be executable or write

...plaintext payload has a 4 byte (32 bit) CRC trailer. The message is then XOR'ed against a keystream. The ciphertext is then prepended by a 24 bit [[IV]

...equires an IV (an initial vector) so that the first block has something to XOR and isn't in ECB mode which could potentially weaken the stream. Some say ...med from the beginning). CTR requires a nonce (a one time value) which is XOR'ed against the block of ciphertext and a counter. The counter is usually d

A one time pad takes plaintext and a pad (random garble) and [[XOR]]s it together. Another person who has the same pad can then decipher this

* ^ is bitwise XOR AND | 0 | 1 OR | 0 | 1 XOR | 0 | 1